No space left on device while update-initramfs

Perhaps your upgrade process should have looked like this:
sudo apt update
sudo apt list --upgradable -a
sudo apt list linux-image-librem5
sudo apt-get install linux-image-librem5 --assume-no
sudo apt-get install linux-image-librem5 --yes
sudo reboot
uname -r
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

But as of now you should try some other type of workaround to resolve your current issue, please try if this method (or similar one) might help, revert to your current Linux Kernel, curently used one, not the rebooted one:
uname -r −− please take a look if 5.15.X-1-librem5 still over there (within /boot).
sudo apt list linux-image-librem5
sudo dpkg --list | grep linux-image-librem5
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo update-initramfs -c -k 5.15.X-1-librem5
sudo update-initramfs -u

Trying of: sudo update-initramfs -u might help right away but it might be somehow risky move as well, just not sure, don’t know.

NOTE: Didn’t test above but still considering your thread here as very important one. Actually, someone else, that still uses old 5.15.9pureos1 image, should take over from here (test my first chapter, within this post, proposed commands).

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