OK,
I tried again to install “LVM on LuKS” with a separate unencrypted /boot-partition, following instructions at
and
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/Encrypting_an_entire_system#LVM_on_LUKS
So I prepared the LVM physical volume, the logical volumes and the filesystems on the LuKS-encrypted partition which was “opened” with cryptsetup open /dev/nvme0n1p2
Then I started the Installer, and assigned partitions to mount points. The installation runs smoothly till almost the end, when the following “Error” message appears:

and the installation process stops. Maybe I did something wrong with the /boot-partition?
I tried also without any encryption, but the result was the same.
I wonder which installer was on PureOS-2.1.iso, it maybe wasn’t as graphical as the current one, but at the time it did the job. Maybe just pack it as an alternative onto the current Live-Image?