It bothers me that people say “fundamentally different” without spelling out the differences. Please spell them out. Here is what I understand to be the “fundamental differences”:
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Can it (FuriPhone) use any kernel.org kernel? No. It needs a kernel compatible with the (non Free) device drivers. This is a Linux kernel (Free) provided by the Android phone vendor. This is the same sort of requirement that was true of Ubuntu Touch on devices like the Nexus series and is true of Sailfish OS on its devices. This is less an issue of “Android” than it is of “driver lock-in because they are a binary blob”.
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Which OS? The OS (on the FuriPhone) is basically Mobian … which is GNU/Linux. The userspace (for the FuriPhone) should look like Mobian on the Librem 5. At the “services” level there will be some differences: the mobile services (GPS, cellular) go through the Halium layer (to use the non-Free drivers from the vendor) and, so, the plumbing is different than Mobian on the Librem 5.
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Are there any advantages/disadvantages?.
Advantages: It (the OS on the FuriPhone) is a familiar GNU/Linux distribution (based on Debian … like PureOS on the Librem 5) with greater compatibility for running Android applications (because of libhybris).
Disadvantages: You are locked into specific kernel versions due to the dependence on non-Free drivers.
And since I’m replying to this newer post, let me take the time to reply to your previous post:
What do you mean by “Androids”??? Are you talking about the device or the OS? In either case, please be specific about exactly what they lack in regard to “functionalities of a desktop computer” … in comparison to the Librem 5’s “functionalities as a desktop computer”.
I think your notion of what can be done with an Android phone is limited by what you have done rather than what can be done.
[Edit: Added clarifications of what I meant by “it”.]